Growth performance, haematological, immune and anti-oxidative response of broiler birds administered pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf aqueous extract in place of conventional antibiotics

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf aqueous extract (PLAE) on the growth performance, hematological, immune and oxidative responses of broiler chickens as a natural alternative to conventional antibiotics. A total of 150 day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design: negative control (plain water), positive control (oxy tetracycline, 1 g/L), and 10, 20, and 30 g/L of PLAE. The trial lasted six weeks. Results showed that feed intake showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatments (3.63 – 4.50). Other growth parameters showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Results indicated significant (P < 0.05) improvements in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (HB), and red blood cell (RBC) counts in birds administered 20 and 30 g/L PLAE compared with the controls. White blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts also increased, suggesting enhanced immune competence. The absence of adverse effects on hematological indices confirms the safety of the extract. These findings highlight Carica papaya leaves as a viable, climate-smart substitute for antibiotics in broiler production, promoting sustainable poultry health management, reducing antimicrobial dependence, and supporting environmentally friendly livestock systems adaptable to climate change challenges.