Mineral and phytochemical composition of additives produced from Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts by different extraction methods

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the mineral, phytochemical and antinutritional composition of additive produced from Chromlaena odorata leaves extract by different extraction methods. Fresh leaves werewashed in water, shade dried for 48 hours and thereafter, macerated. Extraction of Chromolaena odorata was performed using six methods; water decoction, methanol, and ethanol extraction, followed by microwave assisted repeats of the three extraction media. The additive production was completed by the addition of sodium benzoate as preservative and Aspartame® as sweetener to each extract. The additives werelabeled Chromolaena odorata water decoct (COWD), Chromolaena odorata microwave assisted water decoct (CMWD) Chromolaena odorata ethanol extract (COEE), Chromolaena odorata microwave assisted ethanol extract (CMEE), Chromolaena odorata methanol extract (COME) and Chromolaena odorata microwave assisted methanol extract (CMME)then analysed for mineral,phytochemical and antinutritional composition. A 2x3 factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) was employed.Results of this study indicated significantly (p<0.05) highest calcium (8.24mg/L) value for COME. Potassium value (p<0.05) was highest in CMWD (5.24mg/l) while Ironvalue was highest (p<0.05) at COWD (49.69mg/l). Methanol as an extraction media produced the highest value of calcium (7.72mg/l), magnesium (0.88mg/l), potassium (4.97mg/l) and Iron (40.20mg/l). There was no significant (p>0.05) differencein parameters analysedbetween microwaveand non-microwave assisted extraction except for manganese. Phytochemical and antinutritional factor concentration indicated that values obtained fellwithin tolerable levels especially for monogastric animals. Cyanide was significantly (p<0.05) lower for CMEE (0.99mg/100ml) than others while oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and antioxidants were significantly (p<0.05) higher for COME. The values of minerals, phytochemicals and antinutritional factors obtained makes the additive a potential candidate for promotion of growth in broiler chicken.